From Soil to Oil: The Crucial Roles of Potassium and Sulphur in Enhancing Oilseed Crop Quality

Oilseed crops play a pivotal role in global agriculture, serving as primary sources for edible oils and biodiesel. The quality and productivity of these crops are profoundly influenced by soil nutrient availability, particularly potassium and sulphur. Potassium regulates essential physiological processes such as photosynthesis and nutrient transport, impacting oil accumulation and fatty acid composition in seeds. Conversely, sulphur is integral to protein synthesis, oil biosynthesis, and seed maturation, directly influencing oil content and overall quality. Effective management of these nutrients through optimized fertilization strategies and soil amendments enhances oilseed crop yield, improves oil composition, and bolsters resistance to environmental stresses. This review integrates insights from various studies to underscore the critical roles of potassium and sulphur in oilseed crop production. It explores the biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying nutrient uptake and utilization by oilseed crops, emphasizing the genetic and molecular adaptations that facilitate efficient absorption from soil. The environmental implications of optimizing soil potassium and sulphur levels are also examined, considering impacts on ecological balance and groundwater quality. The paper highlights the economic significance of oilseed crops, not only as essential components in human diets and industrial processes but also as biofuel sources promoting sustainable energy alternatives. Moreover, oilseed cultivation contributes to soil health and conservation efforts through nitrogen fixation and conservation tillage practices, mitigating soil erosion and supporting biodiversity. By elucidating the multifaceted roles of potassium and sulphur in enhancing oilseed crop quality and productivity, this review provides a comprehensive perspective for stakeholders in agriculture, including farmers, policymakers, and researchers. It underscores the importance of nutrient management strategies in achieving sustainable agricultural practices that optimize crop yields while minimizing environmental impact.