Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Syzygium aromaticum Extracts: Evaluating Dual Activities on Organic Dye Degradation and Phytopathogen Inhibition

The study explores the dual functionality of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. On one hand, their activity against organic dyes indicates potential applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. On the other hand, their impact on phytopathogens suggests agricultural applications for plant disease management. Nanoparticles offer an enhanced detection limit for the detection of pathogens in plant such as viruses and fungi. The activity of the biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles was evaluated against phytopathogen (Colletotrichum falcatum) and the result showed that the biogenic nanoparticles produced antifungal activity on the test organism. The photocatalytic activity of the present study revealed a rapid and efficient degradation of methylene blue within 0.5 h. The antifungal activity of this study revealed the antimicrobial potentiality of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. This is due to the antimicrobial report of the clove as result of bioactive components found in it as well as the small size and large surface area to volume ratio of the biogenic nanoparticles.