PERSPECTIVES OF HEAVY METALS REMEDIATION: A REVIEW

Heavy metals contamination has received increasing attention worldwide as a result of their recalcitrant and tenacious nature that results in deleterious effects to surroundings shelf lives of plants and animals, reckoning chronic diseases in humans. There exists a broader scope for innovations in science, with stress on cost-effectiveness and to reduce the impact of anthropogenic activities on the surroundings, and exploration of the above mentioned opportunities alongside new initiatives for the restoration of surroundings. Microbial remediation is considered to be as promising technology for the remediation of contaminated sites for wide array of pollutants. Microbial flora have the potential of treating oil spills and heavy metals which are recalcitrant. Presence of conventional mechanisms, that don't seems to be illustrious, therefore bioremediation remains the first choice as a developing technology. This paper aims at presenting a review on bio remedial agents and so on their drawbacks. There is need to implement the application part of recent biotechnological advances in regard to heavy metal pollution that holds the potential to alleviate the natural environment and possess threat to metal pollution. In simple word, bioremediation is one method to treat the environment or polluted area using living cell such as microbe and is better over conventional treatment methods. In addition, bioremediation is a well-established process for the remediation of various types of contaminants. The process generally operate under condition that enhance the activities of either the native microorganism or the introduced species, particularly for those elements that transform or degrade under condition suitable for optimum performance of the microorganism.