Study on the Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Plant Growth

Symbionts term as “Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi” (AMF) occurs in most extreme biomes on soil and are a crucial reason for plant enlargement and maturing on the planet. The familiar class of AMF which colonies the roots of over 80-90% of land plant families but they cannot be cultured, as yet, away from the host plant. AMF are chiefly liable for nutrient shift from soil to plant but have additional function such as soil aggregation, protection of plant against drought and metal stress and soil pathogens and escalating plant variety. This is accomplished by the enlargement of the fungal mycelium within a host root and out into beyond the soil. There is an urgent need to study the below-ground microbiology of soils in agro and natural system as AMF are pivotal in closing nutrient cycles and have a proven multi-functional responsibility in soil-plant associates. More information is also necessary on the functional diversity of these microbes and their interactions with all plants. With major advances in current explore in the field of AMF study, the processes involved in host-plant and their interactions with other soil organisms. The olden days of AMF application in restricted and open-field conditions is now long. This chapter in attending an outline of contemporary knowledge of AMF significance, occurrence and benefits of AMF in dissimilar plants communities is also reviewed. The nutrient transfer between AMF and host plants is discussed in terms of plant growth enhancement and their implications in sustainable farming. The consequence of co-inoculation and helpful the other microorganisms of AMF on the support of plant expansion and root colonization is argued. The role of AMF in the uptake of water and interaction with legume plants with nodulation and N2 fixation are briefly outlined. Additionally, the roles of AMF in plant-based strategies of protection of highly toxic Heavy Metals (HMs) polluted soils are discussed.